TOBIA RAHASTYA ABRAM
4EA09 - 17212419
FAKULTAS EKONOMI GUNADARMA
TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 #
Name : Tobia
Rahastya Abram
Class : 4EA09
NPM :
17212419
English Business 2
What is
supply chain management?
Supply chain management (SCM) is the combination of art and
science that goes into improving the way your company finds the raw components
it needs to make a product or service and deliver it to customers. The
following are five basic components of SCM.
1. Plan—This is the strategic portion of SCM.
Companies need a strategy for managing all the resources that go toward meeting
customer demand for their product or service. A big piece of SCM planning is
developing a set of metrics to monitor the supply chain so that it is
efficient, costs less and delivers high quality and value to customers.
2. Source—Next, companies must choose suppliers
to deliver the goods and services they need to create their product. Therefore,
supply chain managers must develop a set of pricing, delivery and payment
processes with suppliers and create metrics for monitoring and improving the
relationships. And then, SCM managers can put together processes for managing
their goods and services inventory, including receiving and verifying
shipments, transferring them to the manufacturing facilities and authorizing
supplier payments.
3. Make—This is the manufacturing step. Supply
chain managers schedule the activities necessary for production, testing,
packaging and preparation for delivery. This is the most metric-intensive
portion of the supply chain—one where companies are able to measure quality
levels, production output and worker productivity.
4. Deliver—This is the part that many SCM
insiders refer to as logistics, where companies coordinate the receipt of
orders from customers, develop a network of warehouses, pick carriers to get
products to customers and set up an invoicing system to receive payments.
5. Return—This can be a problematic part of the
supply chain for many companies. Supply chain planners have to create a
responsive and flexible network for receiving defective and excess products
back from their customers and supporting customers who have problems with
delivered products.
What
does supply chain management software do?
Supply chain management software is possibly the
most fractured group of software applications on the planet. Each of the five
major supply chain steps previously outlined is comprised of dozens of specific
tasks, many of which have their own specific software. Some vendors have
assembled many of these different chunks of software together under a single
roof, but no one has a complete
package that is right for every company. For example, most companies need to
track demand, supply, manufacturing status, logistics (i.e. where things are in
the supply chain), and distribution. They also need to share data with supply
chain partners at an ever increasing rate. While products from large ERP
vendors like SAP's Advanced Planner and Optimizer (APO) can perform many or all
of these tasks, because each industry's supply chain has a unique set of
challenges, many companies decide to go with targeted best of breed products
instead, even if some integration is an inevitable consequence.
It's worth mentioning that the old adage about systems only
being as good as the information that they contain applies doubly to SCM. If
the information entered into a demand forecasting application is not accurate,
then you will get an inaccurate forecast. Similarly, if employees bypass the
supply chain systems and try to manage things manually (using the fax machine
or spreadsheets), then even the most expensive systems will provide an
incomplete picture of what is happening in a company's supply chain.
What is motivivation ?
Motivation is the word derived from
the word ’motive’ which means needs, desires, wants or drives within the
individuals. It is the process of stimulating people to actions to accomplish
the goals. In the work goal context the psychological factors stimulating the
people’s behaviour can be :
- desire for money
- success
- recognition
- job-satisfaction
- team work, etc
One of the most important functions
of management is to create willingness amongst the employees to perform in the
best of their abilities. Therefore the role of a
leader is to arouse interest in performance of employees in
their jobs. The process of motivation consists of three stages:-
- A felt need or drive
- A stimulus in which needs have
to be aroused
- When needs are satisfied, the
satisfaction or accomplishment of goals.
Therefore, we can say that
motivation is a psychological phenomenon which means needs and wants of the
individuals have to be tackled by framing an incentive plan.
What
is CRM?
CRM (customer relationship management) includes all aspects of interactions that
a company has with its customers, whether it is sales or service-related. While
the phrase customer relationship
management is most
commonly used to describe a business-customer relationship (B2C), CRM is also
used to manage business to business (B2B) relationships. Information tracked in
a CRM system includes contacts, clients, contract wins and sales leads and
more.
How
CRM Solutions are Used Today
CRM
solutions give organizations business data to help provide services or products
that your customers want, offer better customer service, help sales teams to
cross-sell and up-sell more effectively, close deals, retain current customers
and to better understand exactly who your customers are. Organizations
frequently look for ways to personalize online experiences (a process also
referred to as mass customization) through tools such as help-desk software, email organizers and
different types ofenterprise applications.
Is
CRM Software Difficult to Use?
CRM
software has typically been considered difficult to use. As an enterprise application,
stability, scalability and security has been the primary focal points of CRM
solutions. Usability, according to this article, was not a key part of CRM which often resulted in
failed software projects, largely attributed to undue complexity.
With
increased adoption of CRM applications, however, today's CRM software vendors
make usability a central part of their products. To improve usability many
vendors today focus on usability issues to make CRM workflow as simple and
intuitive as possible, to offer navigation that can be performed in three
clicks or less and to ensure CRM software is designed to suit the needs of
sales teams.
The Customer Relationship Management Strategy
Customer
relationship management is often thought of as a business strategy that enables
businesses to improve in a number of areas. The CRM strategy allows you to to
following:
·
Understand
the customer
·
Retain
customers through better customer experience
·
Attract
new customers
·
Win
new clients and contracts
·
Increase
profitably
·
Decrease
customer management costs
Technology
Impacts CRM Strategies
Technology
and the Internet have changed the way companies approach customer relationship
strategies. Advances in technology have changed consumer buying behavior, and
today there are many ways for companies to communicate with customers and to
collect data about them. With each new advance in technology — especially the
proliferation of self-service channels like the Web and smartphones — customer
relationships are being managed electronically.
Many
aspects of customer relationship management rely heavily on technology;
however, the strategies and processes of a good CRM system will collect, manage
and link information about the customer with the goal of letting you market and
sell services effectively.
The
Business Benefits of CRM
The
biggest benefit most businesses realize when moving to a CRM system comes
directly from having all your business data stored and accessed from a single
location. Before CRM systems, customer data was spread out over office
productivity suite documents, email systems, mobile phone data and even paper
note cards and Rolodex entries. Storing all the data from all departments
(e.g., sales, marketing, customer service and HR) in a central location gives
management and employees immediate access to the most recent data when they
need it. Departments can collaborate with ease, and CRM systems help
organization to develop efficient automated processes to improve business
processes.
Other
benefits include a 360-degree view of all customer information, knowledge of
what customers and the general market want, and integration with your existing
applications to consolidate all business information.
Quality
Management
Quality management is a recent
phenomenon but very important for an organisation. Advanced civilizations that
supported the arts and crafts allowed clients to choose goods meeting higher
quality standards rather than normal goods. In societies where arts and crafts
are the responsibility of master craftsmen or artists, these masters would lead
their studios and train and supervise others. The importance of craftsmen
diminished as mass production and repetitive work practices were instituted.
The aim was to produce large numbers of the same goods. The first proponent in
the US for this approach was Eli Whitney who
proposed (interchangeable) parts manufacture for muskets, hence producing the
identical components and creating a musket assembly line. The next step forward
was promoted by several people including Frederick Winslow Taylor, a mechanical
engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is sometimes called
"the father of scientific management." He was one of the intellectual
leaders of the Efficiency Movement and part of his approach laid a further
foundation for quality management, including aspects like standardization and
adopting improved practices. Henry Ford was
also important in bringing process and quality management practices into
operation in his assembly lines. In Germany, Karl Friedrich Benz, often called the inventor
of the motor car, was pursuing similar assembly and production practices,
although real mass production was properly initiated in Volkswagen after World
War II. From this period onwards, North American companies focused
predominantly upon production against lower cost with increased efficiency.
Walter A. Shewhart made a major step in
the evolution towards quality management by creating a method for quality
control for production, using statistical methods, first proposed in 1924. This
became the foundation for his ongoing work on statistical quality control. W. Edwards
Deming later applied statistical process control methods in the
United States during World War II, thereby successfully improving quality in
the manufacture of munitions and other strategically important products.
Quality leadership from a national
perspective has changed over the past five to six decades. After the second
world war, Japan decided to make quality improvement a national imperative as
part of rebuilding their economy, and sought the help of Shewhart, Deming and Juran,
amongst others. W. Edwards Deming championed Shewhart's
ideas in Japan from 1950 onwards. He is probably best known for his management
philosophy establishing quality, productivity, and competitive position. He has
formulated 14 points of attention for managers, which
are a high level abstraction of many of his deep insights. They should be
interpreted by learning and understanding the deeper insights. These 14 points include key concepts such as:
·
Break down barriers between
departments
·
Management should learn their
responsibilities, and take on leadership
·
Supervision should be to help people
and machines and gadgets to do a better job
·
Improve constantly and forever the
system of production and service
·
Institute a vigorous program of
education and self-improvement
In the 1950s and 1960s, Japanese
goods were synonymous with cheapness and low quality, but over time their
quality initiatives began to be successful, with Japan achieving very high
levels of quality in products from the 1970s onward. For example, Japanese cars
regularly top the J.D. Power customer satisfaction ratings.
In the 1980s Deming was asked by Ford Motor Company to start a quality
initiative after they realized that they were falling behind Japanese
manufacturers.
A number of highly successful
quality initiatives have been invented by the Japanese (see for example on this
pages: Genichi Taguchi, QFD, Toyota Production System). Many
of the methods not only provide techniques but also have associated quality
culture (i.e. people factors). These methods are now adopted by the same
western countries that decades earlier derided Japanese methods.
Customers recognize that quality is
an important attribute in products and services. Suppliers recognize that
quality can be an important differentiator between their own offerings and
those of competitors (quality differentiation is also called the quality gap).
In the past two decades this quality gap has been greatly reduced between
competitive products and services. This is partly due to the contracting (also
called outsourcing) of manufacture to countries like India and China, as well
internationalization of trade and competition. These countries amongst many
others have raised their own standards of quality in order to meet
International standards and customer demands. The ISO 9000 series
of standards are probably the best known International standards for quality
management.
There are a huge number of books
available on quality management. In recent times some themes have become more
significant including quality culture, the importance of knowledge management,
and the role of leadership in promoting and achieving high quality. Disciplines
like systems thinking are bringing more holistic approaches to quality so that
people, process and products are considered together rather than independent
factors in quality management.
The influence of quality thinking
has spread to non-traditional applications outside of walls of manufacturing,
extending into service sectors and into areas such as sales,marketing and customer
service.
What
is a CV?
CV
stands for curriculum vitae, which is Latin for 'course of life'. It is a
summary of your experience, skills and education.
In
the USA and Canada it is known as a résumé - this is the French word for
summary.
How long should a CV
be?
A
standard CV in the UK should ideally be no longer than two sides of A4. Some
academic CVs may be longer depending on your experience.
What should I
include in my CV?
Your
CV needs to be packed with relevant information to help an employer make the
decision to hire you. It should include:
- contact
details - include
full name, address, mobile phone number and email address;
- education - list and date all previous
education, placing the most recent highest up the page. Include any
professional qualifications;
- referees - two people who can provide
positive comments on your previous employment or experiences;
- skills - for example, the ability
to work in a team, manage people, customer service skills, or specific IT
skills;
- work
experience - this can
be internships, voluntary roles or previous jobs. Add the most
recent/relevant positions and examples of tasks.
What
should I leave out of my CV?
You
should exclude the following information from your CV:
- the term
curriculum vitae or résumé - CV will suffice in the UK;
- a photo - unless you're applying for
an acting or modelling job;
- date of
birth or place of birth - this is
unnecessary and can lead to identity theft.
An
important point for those posting their CVs online: don't include your home
address, as you could be targeted by fraudsters.
Do I need to add a
profile?
You
don't have to add a personal profile but it will help your CV stand out.
Placed
at the beginning of the CV, a profile is a concise statement that highlights
your key attributes or reasons for deciding to work in a particular field. Pick
out a few relevant achievements and skills, while clearly articulating your
career aims.
It
must focus on the sector you are applying to, as your cover letter will be
job-specific. You should keep it short and snappy - 200 words is the perfect
length for a personal profile.
This
section of your CV is also known as a personal statement, career summary,
career aim or simply a profile.
Do
I list work experience or education first?
If
you're a recent graduate and don't have much relevant work experience then it
will be best to begin with your education. The opposite would apply if you have
plenty of relevant experience.
For
a template, head to example CVs.
Should
I include hobbies in my CV?
It's
not compulsory to include hobbies in your CV, but you may want to mention any
that are relevant to the job you're applying for. An example might be
volunteering as a sports coach, or learning a language in your spare time.
Generic
examples such as reading, going to the cinema, or listening to music are not
worth including.
How do I write a great
CV?
There
are many ways to create an exceptional CV, but for a solid foundation,
concentrate on four main points:
- Grammar - there should be no
mistakes in your CV. Use a spell checker and enlist a second pair of eyes
to check over the text. Try and include as many active words as possible
to increase the impact of your CV. Use active verbs to replace passive
verbs and nouns wherever possible. For example, you could include targeted
words like 'created', 'analysed'; and 'devised' to present yourself as a
person that shows initiative.
- Layout - place your most attractive
skills and talents towards the top of your CV to boost your chances of
impressing an employer. The same rule applies to listing grades - always
place your highest grade first.
- Presentation - keep your CV neat and make
sure it is easy on the eye. Bullet points should be used to tidy up any
lists. Your choice of font can have more impact than you might think. The
University of Kent careers service suggest using 10 point Verdana or
Lucida Sans with a larger typeface for headings and sub-headings. You
should always avoid Comic Sans.
- Style - there a various types of
CV you can employ. Think carefully about what style will suit your needs.
For templates, take a look at example
CVs.
Rise
to the top of the job pile with a professionally written CV and a free CV
review from The CV Centre.
What
are the consequences of lying on my CV?
Never
lie on your CV or job application. Not only will you demonstrate your
dishonesty to a potential employer, but there can be serious consequences too.
For example, altering your degree grade from a 2:2 to a 2:1 is classed as
degree fraud and can result in a prison sentence.
Do
I need to explain gaps in my CV?
You
must always inform a potential employer of a gap in your CV to avoid it being
misinterpreted.
In
your cover letter, you can
provide an explanation for this
career gap.
Do
I need to write a cover letter?
You
should always include a cover letter unless the employer states otherwise. It
will enable you to personalise your application to the job. You can draw
attention to a particular part of your CV, disclose a disability or clarify
gaps in your work history.
Find
out how to write a persuasive cover
letter.
Get help with your CV
If
you are a student or recent graduate then you can get professional CV advice
from your university careers and employability service.